Confounder transparency

Raw gap beside official adjusted gap

Every ethnicity, region, and deprivation comparison uses only measured official factors: age structure, NZDep, obesity, smoking, diabetes, rurality, GP enrolment, GP visits, and travel time. CivicNZ does not invent an adjustment. An explained share appears only when both a raw and an official adjusted figure exist.

Ethnicity

ethnicity

Period life expectancy at birth, females

Māori female (2022–2024) compared with All ethnic groups, female (2022–2024). Period 2022–2024.

Raw gap

5.5 years shorter

78 vs 83.5 years

Official adjusted gap

Not published

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

Period life expectancy already summarises age-specific death rates. Stats NZ has not published a further official adjustment of this gap for NZDep, smoking, obesity, diabetes, rurality, or access to care.

Measured factors

Applied
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
Life tables are built from age-specific death rates. This is not a crude death-rate comparison.
Stratified
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
Stats NZ publishes life expectancy by NZDep separately (11.0 years male / 9.1 years female, least vs most deprived). Ethnicity × NZDep life tables are not in this release.
Context only
Obesity prevalence
Adult obesity is published by NZDep (47.8% in Q5). An ethnicity-adjusted life-expectancy model using obesity is not published here.
Context only
Daily smoking prevalence
Daily smoking is higher for Māori (14.7%) than European/Other (6.1%) in NZHS 2023/24. That is not an official life-expectancy adjustment.
Context only
Diabetes prevalence
Age-standardised diabetes is 82.1 per 1,000 for Māori vs 33.1 for European/Other (VDR 2024). Not used to adjust life expectancy.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
HIR 2025 notes 18% of people lived rurally in 2023. No official rural-adjusted life-expectancy gap is in this release.
Not published
GP enrolment
No official GP-enrolment-adjusted life-expectancy table.
Not published
GP visits
No official GP-visit-adjusted life-expectancy table.
Not published
Travel time to care
No official travel-time-adjusted life-expectancy table.

Life expectancy at birth by ethnic group, 2022–2024 (Stats NZ via HIR 2025 Table 1)

Group	Male	Female
All ethnic groups	80.1	83.5
Māori	73.7	78.0
Pacific peoples	74.9	78.9
Asian peoples	85.0	87.6
European/Other	81.3	84.4

Period life tables. Cross-tab of ethnicity × NZDep is not published in this table.

Life expectancy gap by NZDep (least vs most deprived), 2022–2024

Sex	Gap (years)
Female	9.1
Male	11.0

One-way deprivation gradient. Not an ethnicity-adjusted figure.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 1 Aug 2026

ethnicity

High or very high psychological distress (K10 ≥ 12)

Māori adults (2024/25) compared with European/Other adults (2024/25). Period 2024/25.

Raw gap

8.3 percentage points higher

22.5 vs 14.2 percentage points

Official adjusted gap

Official age- and gender-adjusted ratio vs non-Māori: 1.6

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

NZ Health Survey / HIR 2025 publishes an age- and gender-adjusted rate ratio of 1.6 for Māori vs non-Māori. A fully adjusted percentage-point gap (NZDep + obesity + smoking + diabetes + rurality + access) is not published.

Measured factors

Applied
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
Official age- and gender-adjusted ratio of 1.6 vs non-Māori.
Stratified
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
One-way NZDep: 21.4% in Q5 vs 10.0% in Q1. Ethnicity × NZDep is in the NZHS Data Explorer and is not yet imported here.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
No official distress gap adjusted for obesity.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
No official distress gap adjusted for smoking.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
No official distress gap adjusted for diabetes.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
No official rural-adjusted distress table in this release.
Not published
GP enrolment
No official GP-enrolment-adjusted distress table.
Not published
GP visits
No official GP-visit-adjusted distress table.
Not published
Travel time to care
No official travel-time-adjusted distress table.

High/very high psychological distress by ethnicity, 2024/25

Group	Rate
Māori	22.5%
Pacific peoples	23.8%
European/Other	14.2%
Asian peoples	10.7%

NZ Health Survey. Age- and gender-adjusted ratio Māori vs non-Māori: 1.6.

Distress by NZDep, 2024/25

Quintile	Rate
Q1 (least deprived)	10.0%
Q5 (most deprived)	21.4%

One-way stratification. Not ethnicity × NZDep.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 1 Aug 2026

ethnicity

Daily smoking, adults 15+

Māori (2023/24) compared with European/Other (2023/24). Period 2023/24.

Raw gap

8.6 percentage points higher

14.7 vs 6.1 percentage points

Official adjusted gap

Not published

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

NZHS key results are typically age-standardised in the Data Explorer. A published residual gap after NZDep + other measured factors is not in the 2023/24 key-results page.

Measured factors

Applied
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
NZHS adult smoking estimates are commonly age-standardised in the Annual Data Explorer.
Stratified
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
One-way NZDep: 13.9% in Q5 vs 2.5% in Q1. Ethnicity × NZDep cross-tab is not imported.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
Obesity is not an official adjuster of the smoking ethnicity gap.
Applied
Daily smoking prevalence
This is the outcome series.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
Diabetes is not an official adjuster of the smoking ethnicity gap.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
No official rural-adjusted smoking ethnicity table in this release.
Not published
GP enrolment
Not published.
Not published
GP visits
Not published.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

Daily smoking by ethnicity, 2023/24 (NZHS)

Group	2018/19	2023/24
Māori	30.4%	14.7%
Pacific peoples	21.6%	12.3%
European/Other	11.0%	6.1%
Asian peoples	7.1%	3.8%

All ethnic groups declined. The gap remains.

Daily smoking by NZDep, 2023/24

Quintile	Rate
Q1 (least deprived)	2.5%
Q5 (most deprived)	13.9%

One-way. Ethnicity × NZDep is available in the NZHS Data Explorer and is not yet imported.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 19 Nov 2024

ethnicity

Diabetes prevalence (Virtual Diabetes Register)

Māori (2024) compared with European/Other (2024). Period 2024.

Raw gap

49.0 per 1,000 higher

82.1 vs 33.1 per 1,000

Official adjusted gap

49.0 per 1,000 (already age-standardised to the WHO world standard)

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

Both rates are official age-standardised VDR figures (HIR 2025). The crude (not age-standardised) ethnicity gap is not published in that table, so the explained-by-age share cannot be computed. Further adjustment for NZDep, obesity, smoking, rurality, or access is not published.

Measured factors

Applied
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
WHO world-standard age-standardised rates.
Stratified
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
One-way NZDep: 79.4 vs 30.1 per 1,000 (Q5 vs Q1). Ethnicity × NZDep is not in the extract.
Context only
Obesity prevalence
Obesity is a measured risk factor for type 2 diabetes. No official obesity-adjusted ethnicity residual is published here.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
No official smoking-adjusted diabetes ethnicity residual.
Applied
Diabetes prevalence
This is the outcome series.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
District rates are published (Counties Manukau 80.0 per 1,000) but not a rurality-adjusted ethnicity gap.
Not published
GP enrolment
VDR uses linked administrative data; GP enrolment is not published as an adjuster.
Not published
GP visits
Not published.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

Age-standardised diabetes prevalence per 1,000, 2014 and 2024

Group	2014	2024
Māori	65.8	82.1
Pacific peoples	110.3	136.2
Indian	96.2	102.7
European/Other	28.1	33.1

Virtual Diabetes Register. European/Other here includes European and non-Indian Asian peoples.

Diabetes by NZDep, 2024 (age-standardised)

Quintile	Per 1,000
Q1 (least deprived)	30.1
Q5 (most deprived)	79.4

One-way. Not ethnicity × NZDep.

Selected districts, 2024 (age-standardised)

District	Per 1,000
Counties Manukau	80.0
Auckland	53.9
Tairāwhiti	52.5

Geographic differences mix ethnicity, age, and deprivation. Not a rurality adjustment.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 1 Aug 2026

ethnicity

Fully immunised at 24 months

Māori (quarter ended 2025-12-31) compared with European/Other (quarter ended 2025-12-31). Period 2025-12-31.

Raw gap

17.4 percentage points lower

67.8 vs 85.2 percentage points

Official adjusted gap

Not published

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

Coverage is already age-specific (children turning 24 months). Health NZ has not published an official 24-month coverage gap adjusted for NZDep, rurality, GP enrolment, or travel time in the figure-23 CSV.

Measured factors

Applied
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
Milestone is age-specific (24 months). Age-structure confounding does not apply.
Not published
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
The official ethnicity CSV is not crossed with NZDep.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
Not an adjuster of childhood immunisation coverage.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
Not an adjuster of childhood immunisation coverage.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
Not an adjuster of childhood immunisation coverage.
Context only
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
A Ministry priority paper notes that about one in four Māori live rurally and that the most rural areas have lower coverage. That is not an official adjusted residual.
Not published
GP enrolment
Not in the figure-23 extract.
Not published
GP visits
Not in the figure-23 extract.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not in the figure-23 extract.

24-month coverage by ethnicity, quarter ended 31 December 2025

Group	Coverage
Asian peoples	95.3%
European/Other	85.2%
Pacific peoples	82.6%
Māori	67.8%
Total	82.9%

Prioritised ethnicity. Target 95%.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 1 Aug 2026

ethnicity

Ambulatory-sensitive hospitalisations, children 0–4

Māori (2025) compared with European/Other (2025). Period 2025.

Raw gap

3,773 per 100,000 higher

9068 vs 5295 per 100,000

Official adjusted gap

Not published

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

Rates are age-banded (0–4 years). HIR 2025 does not publish an ASH gap adjusted for NZDep, housing, smoking in the household, or access to primary care.

Measured factors

Applied
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
Restricted to ages 0–4.
Not published
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
Ethnicity × NZDep ASH rates are not in the HIR 2025 extract.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
Not published as an ASH adjuster for children.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
Household smoking is a known associated factor; no official residual is published here.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
Not applicable to this child series.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
Not published.
Not published
GP enrolment
ASH is defined against primary-care-preventable admissions; enrolment is not published as an adjuster.
Not published
GP visits
Not published.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

ASH rate per 100,000, children 0–4, 2025

Group	Rate
Pacific peoples	14,802
Māori	9,068
Asian peoples	6,392
European/Other	5,295

Pacific children have the highest published rate. Definition changes and coding practice affect ASH.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 1 Aug 2026

ethnicity

Suspected self-inflicted deaths, males

Māori males (2024/25) compared with non-Māori males (2024/25). Period 2024/25.

Raw gap

13.9 per 100,000 higher

28.1 vs 14.2 per 100,000

Official adjusted gap

13.9 per 100,000 (both figures are official age-standardised rates)

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

HIR 2025 reports age-standardised rates. A further official adjustment for NZDep, rurality, or access to care is not published. Confirmed coronial suicides lag suspected deaths.

Measured factors

Applied
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
Age-standardised rates.
Not published
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
No official NZDep-stratified suspected-suicide table in this extract.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
Not an official adjuster.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
Not an official adjuster.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
Not an official adjuster.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
Rural male rates have been published in older MoH series; not in this 2024/25 extract.
Not published
GP enrolment
Not published.
Not published
GP visits
Not published.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

Suspected self-inflicted deaths, 2024/25 (age-standardised per 100,000)

Group	Rate
Māori males	28.1
non-Māori males	14.2
All males	16.2
All females	5.8
Total	11.0

Provisional suspected deaths. Small numbers. Do not interpret a single year as a trend.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 1 Aug 2026

ethnicity

Daily smoking, adults 15+

Māori (2024/25) compared with European/Other (2024/25). Period 2024/25.

Raw gap

9.3 percentage points higher

15 vs 5.7 percentage points

Official adjusted gap

Not published

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

NZHS 2024/25 key results publish one-way ethnicity rates. The Annual Data Explorer can display ethnicity × NZDep, but that file is a session download, not a stable URL. CivicNZ does not compute an explained share from one-way tables.

Measured factors

Stratified
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
Key results also publish sex (men 8.3%, women 5.3%). An official age-standardised ethnicity residual is not on the key-results page.
Stratified
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
One-way NZDep: 12.9% in Q5 vs 2.4% in Q1. Ethnicity × NZDep cells are not in this compile.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
Not an official adjuster of the smoking ethnicity gap.
Applied
Daily smoking prevalence
This is the outcome series.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
Not an official adjuster of the smoking ethnicity gap.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
Not published.
Context only
GP enrolment
PHO enrolment is lower for Māori (85.6%) than Other (101.2%) in July 2026. That is not an official smoking adjustment.
Not published
GP visits
No official GP-visit-adjusted smoking residual.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

Daily smoking by ethnicity, 2024/25 (NZHS key results)

Group	Rate
Māori	15.0%
Pacific peoples	10.3%
European/Other	5.7%
Asian peoples	4.5%

Official one-way table. Ethnicity × NZDep is not imported.

Daily smoking by NZDep, 2024/25

Quintile	Rate
Q1 (least deprived)	2.4%
Q5 (most deprived)	12.9%

One-way. Not an ethnicity-adjusted residual.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 19 Nov 2025

ethnicity

PHO / GP enrolment coverage

Māori (July 2026) compared with Other (July 2026). Period Q3 2026.

Raw gap

15.6 percentage points lower

85.6 vs 101.2 percentage points

Official adjusted gap

Not published

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

Health NZ publishes enrolment by ethnicity, age, gender, deprivation, and district in separate sheets. There is no official ethnicity residual after NZDep or age. Coverage can exceed 100% because enrolment and population come from different collections.

Measured factors

Stratified
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
Age-specific enrolment is published by district, not as an ethnicity residual.
Stratified
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
One-way NZDep 9–10 coverage is 88.0% vs 103.4% in NZDep 1–2. Not ethnicity × NZDep.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
Not an adjuster of enrolment.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
Not an adjuster of enrolment.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
Not an adjuster of enrolment.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
District sheets exist; a rurality-adjusted ethnicity residual does not.
Applied
GP enrolment
This is the outcome series.
Not published
GP visits
Visit counts are not in the enrolment extract.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

PHO enrolment coverage, July 2026 (national)

Group	Coverage
Māori	85.6%
Pacific	98.5%
Asian	88.0%
Other	101.2%
Total	95.5%

Official Access to primary care XLSX, National row.

PHO enrolment by NZDep, July 2026

NZDep	Coverage
1–2 (least)	103.4%
3–4	96.2%
5–6	94.0%
7–8	92.4%
9–10 (most)	88.0%

One-way. Coverage can exceed 100%.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 1 Jul 2026

ethnicity

Elective treatment — share waiting under 120 days

Māori (30 June 2026) compared with European/Other (30 June 2026). Period 2026-06-30.

Raw gap

1.7 percentage points lower

71.3 vs 73 percentage points

Official adjusted gap

Not published

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

Official NBRS elective waitlist extract, aggregated by prioritised ethnicity. No official age-, NZDep-, or rurality-adjusted residual is published.

Measured factors

Not published
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
Not age-standardised.
Not published
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
Not in the extract.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
Not an adjuster.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
Not an adjuster.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
Not an adjuster.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
Not in the extract.
Not published
GP enrolment
Not used to adjust the waitlist.
Not published
GP visits
Not published.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

Elective share waiting under 120 days by ethnicity, 30 June 2026

Group	Under 120 days
Asian	74.2%
European/Other	73.0%
Māori	71.3%
Pacific	70.4%

NBRS extract. The national official Q4 factsheet result is 72.6%.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 30 Jun 2026

ethnicity

Did not visit a GP due to cost, adults

Pacific adults (2024/25) compared with Asian adults (2024/25). Period 2024/25.

Raw gap

12.3 percentage points higher

25.1 vs 12.8 percentage points

Official adjusted gap

Not published

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

NZHS 2024/25 key results publish one-way ethnicity rates for this barrier. An official age- or NZDep-adjusted residual is not on that page. Enrolment (PHO) is a different measure from a visit or a cost barrier.

Measured factors

Not published
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
The key-results page does not state an age-standardised ethnicity residual for this barrier.
Not published
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
Ethnicity × NZDep for this barrier is not imported.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
No official adjusted or stratified table for this outcome is in this release.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
No official adjusted or stratified table for this outcome is in this release.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
No official adjusted or stratified table for this outcome is in this release.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
No official adjusted or stratified table for this outcome is in this release.
Context only
GP enrolment
PHO enrolment is 98.5% for Pacific and 88.0% for Asian (July 2026). Enrolment is not a visit and is not this barrier.
Applied
GP visits
This is an official GP-access outcome from NZHS.
Not published
Travel time to care
A travel-time series is not in the key results.

Did not visit a GP due to cost, 2024/25 (NZHS key results)

Group	Share
Pacific peoples	25.1%
Māori	18.7%
European/Other	14.5%
Asian peoples	12.8%
All adults	14.9%

76.2% of adults did visit a GP. Time-to-appointment was the most common reported barrier (25.5%).

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 19 Nov 2025

ethnicity

Amenable mortality, ages 0–74

Māori (2018–20) compared with non-Māori (2018–20). Period 2018–20.

Raw gap

71.0 per 100,000 higher

123.8 vs 52.8 per 100,000

Official adjusted gap

71.0 per 100,000 (both figures are official age-standardised rates); official rate ratio 2.34

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

Tatau Kahukura 2024 Table 45 publishes age-standardised rates (2001 Census Māori standard) and an official Māori vs non-Māori rate ratio of 2.34 (95% CI 2.25–2.44). The crude (not age-standardised) ethnicity gap is not in that table, so an explained-by-age share cannot be computed. Further official adjustment for NZDep, obesity, smoking, diabetes, rurality, or access is not published.

Measured factors

Applied
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
Official age-standardised rates and rate ratio (2001 Census Māori standard).
Not published
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
Ethnicity × NZDep amenable mortality is not in Table 45.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
Not used as an official adjuster of this gap.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
Not used as an official adjuster of this gap.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
Not used as an official adjuster of this gap.
Context only
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
HIR 2024: rural amenable mortality was 20% higher than urban in 2018–2020. That is not an ethnicity residual.
Not published
GP enrolment
Not published as an amenable-mortality adjuster.
Not published
GP visits
Not published as an amenable-mortality adjuster.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

Amenable mortality per 100,000, ages 0–74, 2018–20 (Tatau Kahukura 2024)

Group	Male	Female	Total
Māori	148.7	100.3	123.8
non-Māori	64.3	41.5	52.8

Age-standardised to the 2001 Census Māori population. Official RR 2.34 (CI 2.25–2.44). Do not mix with WHO-standard series.

Pacific amenable mortality (WHO world standard, Tupu Ola Moui)

Year	Pacific rate
2000	281.1
2020	151.1

Official 2020 ratio vs non-Māori non-Pacific: 2.3. Different standard population from the table above.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 1 Dec 2024

ethnicity

Ambulatory-sensitive hospitalisations, adults 45–64

Māori (2020–22) compared with non-Māori (2020–22). Period 2020–22.

Raw gap

3,403.2 per 100,000 higher

6371.2 vs 2968 per 100,000

Official adjusted gap

3,403.2 per 100,000 (both figures are official age-standardised rates); official rate ratio 2.15

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

Tatau Kahukura 2024 Table 45 publishes age-standardised ASH rates for ages 45–64 (2001 Census Māori standard) and an official rate ratio of 2.15 (95% CI 2.12–2.17). The crude ethnicity gap is not in that table, so an explained-by-age share cannot be computed. Further official adjustment for NZDep or access is not published.

Measured factors

Applied
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
Official age-standardised rates and rate ratio (2001 Census Māori standard).
Not published
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
Ethnicity × NZDep ASH is not in Table 45.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
Not an official ASH adjuster here.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
Not an official ASH adjuster here.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
Not an official ASH adjuster here.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
Not published as an ASH residual.
Not published
GP enrolment
ASH is defined against primary-care-preventable admissions; enrolment is not published as an adjuster.
Not published
GP visits
Not published as an ASH adjuster.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

ASH, adults 45–64, 2020–22 (Tatau Kahukura 2024)

Group	Rate per 100,000
Māori	6,371.2
non-Māori	2,968.0

Age-standardised to the 2001 Census Māori population. Official RR 2.15 (CI 2.12–2.17).

ASH, children 0–4, 2020–22 (crude) and 2025 (HIR)

Group	2020–22 crude	2025 HIR
Māori	6,541.5	9,068
non-Māori / European/Other	5,617.3	5,295

Different collections and years. Do not treat the two columns as a continuous series.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 1 Dec 2024

Deprivation

deprivation

Period life expectancy at birth, females

Most deprived neighbourhoods (NZDep Q5), female (2022–2024) compared with Least deprived neighbourhoods (NZDep Q1), female (2022–2024). Period 2022–2024.

Raw gap

9.1 years shorter

Official table publishes the gap; endpoint values are not in this extract.

Official adjusted gap

Not published

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

HIR 2025 / Stats NZ publish the least-versus-most-deprived gap (9.1 years female, 11.0 years male). The two endpoint life expectancies are not in this extract. No official further adjustment of this deprivation gap for ethnicity, smoking, obesity, diabetes, rurality, or access to care is published.

Measured factors

Applied
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
Life tables are built from age-specific death rates. This is not a crude death-rate comparison.
Applied
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
This is the deprivation comparison.
Context only
Obesity prevalence
Adult obesity is 47.8% in NZDep Q5 (NZHS 2023/24). The Q1 figure is not in this extract. Not used to adjust life expectancy.
Context only
Daily smoking prevalence
Daily smoking is 13.9% in NZDep Q5 vs 2.5% in Q1 (NZHS 2023/24). That is not an official life-expectancy adjustment.
Context only
Diabetes prevalence
Age-standardised diabetes is 79.4 vs 30.1 per 1,000 (Q5 vs Q1, VDR 2024). Not used to adjust life expectancy.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
No official rural-adjusted deprivation life-expectancy gap.
Not published
GP enrolment
No official GP-enrolment-adjusted deprivation life table.
Not published
GP visits
No official GP-visit-adjusted deprivation life table.
Not published
Travel time to care
No official travel-time-adjusted deprivation life table.

Life expectancy gap by NZDep (least vs most deprived), 2022–2024

Sex	Gap (years)
Female	9.1
Male	11.0

Official published gaps. Endpoint life expectancies for Q1 and Q5 are not in this extract.

Life expectancy at birth by ethnic group, 2022–2024 (one-way, not ethnicity × NZDep)

Group	Male	Female
All ethnic groups	80.1	83.5
Māori	73.7	78.0
Pacific peoples	74.9	78.9
Asian peoples	85.0	87.6
European/Other	81.3	84.4

Ethnicity × NZDep life tables are not published in this table.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 1 Aug 2026

deprivation

High or very high psychological distress (K10 ≥ 12)

NZDep Q5, most deprived (2024/25) compared with NZDep Q1, least deprived (2024/25). Period 2024/25.

Raw gap

11.4 percentage points higher

21.4 vs 10 percentage points

Official adjusted gap

Not published

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

HIR 2025 publishes one-way NZDep rates. An official residual after ethnicity, age, gender, obesity, smoking, diabetes, rurality, or access is not in this extract. The NZ Health Survey Data Explorer publishes ethnicity × NZDep; CivicNZ has not imported that cross-tab.

Measured factors

Stratified
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
NZHS key results are commonly age-standardised in the Data Explorer. This HIR extract does not state whether the NZDep rates are age-standardised.
Applied
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
This is the deprivation comparison.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
No official distress gap adjusted for obesity.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
No official distress gap adjusted for smoking.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
No official distress gap adjusted for diabetes.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
No official rural-adjusted distress table in this release.
Not published
GP enrolment
No official GP-enrolment-adjusted distress table.
Not published
GP visits
No official GP-visit-adjusted distress table.
Not published
Travel time to care
No official travel-time-adjusted distress table.

Distress by NZDep, 2024/25

Quintile	Rate
Q1 (least deprived)	10.0%
Q5 (most deprived)	21.4%

One-way. Ethnicity × NZDep is in the NZHS Data Explorer and is not yet imported.

Distress by ethnicity, 2024/25 (one-way, not ethnicity × NZDep)

Group	Rate
Māori	22.5%
Pacific peoples	23.8%
European/Other	14.2%
Asian peoples	10.7%

Shown because the official ethnicity × NZDep cross-tab is not imported. Do not treat this as an adjusted residual.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 1 Aug 2026

deprivation

Daily smoking, adults 15+

NZDep Q5, most deprived (2023/24) compared with NZDep Q1, least deprived (2023/24). Period 2023/24.

Raw gap

11.4 percentage points higher

13.9 vs 2.5 percentage points

Official adjusted gap

Not published

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

NZHS key results publish one-way NZDep rates. A published residual after ethnicity or other measured factors is not on the 2023/24 key-results page. Ethnicity × NZDep is in the NZHS Data Explorer and is not yet imported.

Measured factors

Applied
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
NZHS adult smoking estimates are commonly age-standardised in the Annual Data Explorer.
Applied
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
This is the deprivation comparison.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
Obesity is not an official adjuster of the smoking deprivation gap.
Applied
Daily smoking prevalence
This is the outcome series.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
Diabetes is not an official adjuster of the smoking deprivation gap.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
No official rural-adjusted smoking deprivation table in this release.
Not published
GP enrolment
Not published.
Not published
GP visits
Not published.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

Daily smoking by NZDep, 2023/24

Quintile	Rate
Q1 (least deprived)	2.5%
Q5 (most deprived)	13.9%

One-way. Ethnicity × NZDep is available in the NZHS Data Explorer and is not yet imported.

Daily smoking by ethnicity, 2023/24 (one-way, not ethnicity × NZDep)

Group	2018/19	2023/24
Māori	30.4%	14.7%
Pacific peoples	21.6%	12.3%
European/Other	11.0%	6.1%
Asian peoples	7.1%	3.8%

Shown because the official ethnicity × NZDep cross-tab is not imported.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 19 Nov 2024

deprivation

Diabetes prevalence (Virtual Diabetes Register)

NZDep Q5, most deprived (2024) compared with NZDep Q1, least deprived (2024). Period 2024.

Raw gap

49.3 per 1,000 higher

79.4 vs 30.1 per 1,000

Official adjusted gap

49.3 per 1,000 (already age-standardised to the WHO world standard)

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

Both rates are official age-standardised VDR figures (HIR 2025). The crude (not age-standardised) deprivation gap is not published in that table, so the explained-by-age share cannot be computed. Further adjustment for ethnicity, obesity, smoking, rurality, or access is not published.

Measured factors

Applied
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
WHO world-standard age-standardised rates.
Applied
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
This is the deprivation comparison.
Context only
Obesity prevalence
Obesity is a measured risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Adult obesity is 47.8% in NZDep Q5. No official obesity-adjusted deprivation residual is published here.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
No official smoking-adjusted diabetes deprivation residual.
Applied
Diabetes prevalence
This is the outcome series.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
No official rurality-adjusted deprivation residual.
Not published
GP enrolment
VDR uses linked administrative data; GP enrolment is not published as an adjuster.
Not published
GP visits
Not published.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

Diabetes by NZDep, 2024 (age-standardised)

Quintile	Per 1,000
Q1 (least deprived)	30.1
Q5 (most deprived)	79.4

One-way. Ethnicity × NZDep is not in the extract.

Age-standardised diabetes prevalence per 1,000 by ethnicity, 2024 (one-way)

Group	2014	2024
Māori	65.8	82.1
Pacific peoples	110.3	136.2
Indian	96.2	102.7
European/Other	28.1	33.1

Shown because ethnicity × NZDep is not imported. Do not treat this as an adjusted residual.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 1 Aug 2026

deprivation

Adult obesity

NZDep Q5, most deprived (2024/25) compared with NZDep Q1, least deprived (2024/25). Period 2024/25.

Raw gap

19.2 percentage points higher

46.8 vs 27.6 percentage points

Official adjusted gap

Not published

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

NZHS 2024/25 key results publish one-way NZDep obesity rates. An official ethnicity- or age-adjusted residual of this deprivation gap is not on that page.

Measured factors

Not published
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
The key-results page does not state whether these NZDep obesity rates are age-standardised.
Applied
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
This is the deprivation comparison.
Applied
Obesity prevalence
This is the outcome series.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
Not an official adjuster of the obesity deprivation gap.
Context only
Diabetes prevalence
Obesity is a measured risk factor for type 2 diabetes. That does not adjust this table.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
Not published.
Not published
GP enrolment
Not published as an obesity adjuster.
Not published
GP visits
Not published.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

Adult obesity by NZDep, 2024/25

Quintile	Rate
Q1 (least deprived)	27.6%
Q5 (most deprived)	46.8%
All adults	34.2%

Ethnicity × NZDep obesity cells are not in this compile.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 19 Nov 2025

Region

region

Diabetes prevalence (Virtual Diabetes Register)

Counties Manukau district (2024) compared with Auckland district (2024). Period 2024.

Raw gap

26.1 per 1,000 higher

80 vs 53.9 per 1,000

Official adjusted gap

26.1 per 1,000 (already age-standardised to the WHO world standard)

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

Both rates are official age-standardised VDR district figures (HIR 2025). The crude district gap is not published, so the explained-by-age share cannot be computed. HIR does not publish a district residual after ethnicity, NZDep, obesity, smoking, rurality, GP enrolment, or travel time. Geographic differences mix those factors.

Measured factors

Applied
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
WHO world-standard age-standardised rates.
Context only
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
District populations differ in NZDep mix. No official NZDep-standardised district residual is in this extract.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
No official obesity-adjusted district residual.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
No official smoking-adjusted district residual.
Applied
Diabetes prevalence
This is the outcome series.
Context only
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
Tairāwhiti (52.5 per 1,000) is more rural than Auckland and is not higher on this measure. That is not a rurality adjustment.
Not published
GP enrolment
Not published as a district adjuster.
Not published
GP visits
Not published.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

Selected districts, 2024 (age-standardised diabetes per 1,000)

District	Per 1,000
Counties Manukau	80.0
Auckland	53.9
Tairāwhiti	52.5

Official geography is district. A full 20-district table was not in this extract.

National age-standardised diabetes by ethnicity, 2024 (not a district adjustment)

Group	Per 1,000
Pacific peoples	136.2
Indian	102.7
Māori	82.1
European/Other	33.1

District rates mix ethnicity, age, and deprivation. This table is context, not an adjusted residual.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 1 Aug 2026

region

First specialist assessment — share waiting under 120 days

Canterbury (30 June 2026) compared with Counties Manukau (30 June 2026). Period 2026-06-30.

Raw gap

18.8 percentage points lower

57.7 vs 76.5 percentage points

Official adjusted gap

Not published

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

Official NBRS waitlist extract, aggregated by district. Health NZ notes the extract may differ from published factsheet snapshots. Ethnicity is not available for the FSA waitlist. No official NZDep-, rurality-, or access-adjusted district residual is published.

Measured factors

Not published
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
Waitlist extract is not age-standardised.
Not published
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
Not in the FSA waitlist extract.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
Not an adjuster of wait times.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
Not an adjuster of wait times.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
Not an adjuster of wait times.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
Rurality is in an image factsheet, not this extract.
Not published
GP enrolment
Not used to adjust the waitlist.
Not published
GP visits
Not published.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

FSA share waiting under 120 days, selected districts, 30 June 2026

District	Under 120 days
Counties Manukau	76.5%
Auckland	68.0%
Canterbury	57.7%
Southern	55.5%
National factsheet Q4 25/26	66.1%

District rows are the NBRS extract. The national 66.1% is the official Q4 factsheet.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 30 Jun 2026

region

ED stays within six hours

MidCentral (Q4 2025/26) compared with National (Q4 2025/26). Period Q4 25/26.

Raw gap

21.6 percentage points lower

54.7 vs 76.3 percentage points

Official adjusted gap

Not published

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

Official Q4 2025/26 accessible factsheet, first-published district result. Health NZ has not published an age-, NZDep-, or rurality-adjusted district residual.

Measured factors

Not published
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
The factsheet is not age-standardised.
Not published
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
Not in the quarterly factsheet.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
Not an adjuster of ED stay times.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
Not an adjuster of ED stay times.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
Not an adjuster of ED stay times.
Not published
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
Ethnicity/rurality ED pages are image factsheets, not this extract.
Not published
GP enrolment
Not used to adjust the ED target.
Context only
GP visits
76.2% of adults visited a GP in 2024/25 (NZHS). That is not an official ED-wait adjustment.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

ED six-hour share, selected districts, Q4 2025/26

District	Within 6 hours
West Coast	94.6%
South Canterbury	92.9%
National	76.3%
Capital and Coast	63.2%
MidCentral	54.7%

Official accessible quarterly factsheet. All 20 districts are in the compiled series.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 30 Jun 2026

region

Faster Cancer Treatment (31-day)

West Coast (Q4 2025/26) compared with National (Q4 2025/26). Period Q4 25/26.

Raw gap

9.2 percentage points lower

77.8 vs 87 percentage points

Official adjusted gap

Not published

An explained share is not published — CivicNZ does not invent one.

Official Q4 2025/26 accessible factsheet. Small-volume districts move more. No official age-, NZDep-, or rurality-adjusted district residual is published.

Measured factors

Not published
Age structure (age-standardised rates)
Not age-standardised.
Not published
Neighbourhood deprivation (NZDep)
Not in the factsheet.
Not published
Obesity prevalence
No official adjusted or stratified table for this outcome is in this release.
Not published
Daily smoking prevalence
No official adjusted or stratified table for this outcome is in this release.
Not published
Diabetes prevalence
No official adjusted or stratified table for this outcome is in this release.
Context only
Rurality (Geographic Classification for Health)
West Coast is a small, more rural district. That is not an official residual.
Not published
GP enrolment
Not used to adjust FCT.
Not published
GP visits
Not published as an FCT adjuster.
Not published
Travel time to care
Not published.

Faster Cancer Treatment, selected districts, Q4 2025/26

District	Within 31 days
Waikato	96.2%
National	87.0%
Canterbury	84.0%
Auckland	81.7%
West Coast	77.8%

Official accessible quarterly factsheet. The 10-year national series is compiled separately.

Official source (opens in a new tab) · Data as of 30 Jun 2026

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